As an active member of the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS), the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) announced the release of the NGFS Declaration on the Economic Cost of Climate Inaction on the occasion of the 2025 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil. 

The declaration underscores the mounting macroeconomic and financial risks of delayed climate action and reaffirms the NGFS’s commitment to supporting a well-managed transition to a low-carbon economy.

With this declaration, the NGFS, a coalition of 146 central banks and financial supervisors and 23 observers from around the world:
 

• Highlights the rising economic costs of climate inaction, with material economic and financial risks that have implications for the core mandates of central banks and financial supervisors.
• Warns that delayed action could halve the effectiveness of transition efforts, with transition costs rising from 0.5% to 1.3% of global GDP by 2030 in the case of a three-year delay.
• Stresses that climate-related shocks could trigger global spillovers, by disrupting food systems, energy markets and supply chains, resulting in macro-financial instability and disproportionately impacting vulnerable economies.
• Calls for financial institutions to factor climate and nature-related risks into their strategies and operations, through scenario analysis, climate disclosure standards and transition planning.

The declaration draws on recent NGFS deliverables, such as climate scenarios, which provide tools for central banks and financial supervisors to integrate climate and nature-related risks into their strategies. Through its work, the NGFS shows that addressing climate-related financial risks like any other financial risk benefits both the financial system and the planet.

As a member of the NGFS, EIOPA is committed to contributing to the greening the financial system. EIOPA has made considerable progress over the past years to more deeply integrate sustainability risks into the prudential framework of insurers, to support greater data availability and to encourage a wider use of climate-change modelling. EIOPA has also sought to raise awareness of the economic impact of climate change and the scale of the continent’s protection gaps. In addition, it has presented a set of pragmatic and forward-looking solutions to narrow these gaps and reduce climate change-related losses, while highlighting the potential benefits of drawing on the expertise, underwriting capacity and financial strength of insurers and pension funds to build a more resilient society.

Petra Hielkema, Chair of EIOPA, said: “Insurers’ risk assessment expertise and long-term investment horizon place them among the best-positioned actors to lead the shift towards an orderly climate transition. However, they cannot drive change alone. The emergence of so-called insurance deserts in certain parts of the world — with far-reaching consequences for businesses and households — highlights the broader systemic consequences of increasing climate risks on economic resillience.“

The NGFS will participate in several events at COP30, to foster dialogue on how central banks, supervisors, and the broader financial community can drive climate ambition and economic resilience. “COP30 is a pivotal moment to re-anchor global action in evidence and credibility,” notes Yann Marin, Secretary General of the NGFS and Deputy Director for Financial Stability at Banque de France. “The NGFS stands ready to support this effort with science-based analysis, forward-looking tools, and practical guidance.”